The wildebeest migration is one of the most talked about
experiences in African safaris. It has been listed as one of the new seven
wonders of the world because of the skill with which it takes place. Over one million
wildebeests migrate from the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania into Kenya’s
Masai Mara Game Reserve, alongside thousands of Thompson’s Gazelles and zebras
looking for greener pastures. These species graze together, and it has been
termed as a way to prevent frequent attacks by predators.
This migration into Kenya starts around July and lasts until
October when the herds move back to the Serengeti National Park. It is the best
time for tourists in Kenya to visit the Masai Mara and see the herds crossing
into the country. The grasslands in the Masai Mara grow from April to June
which is the rainy season, and these herbivorous herds must cross to this
region when the Serengeti area dries.
Credit: Mike Lab @ Flickr.com
Towards the end of June, these herds move from Ngorongoro
conservation area to the Maswa game reserve in readiness for migration. They
cross the Grumeti River which passes through the Serengeti National Park before
moving Northeast into the Grumeti game reserve around July.
One of the major hurdles the animals face occurs when
crossing the Mara River along the Kenya- Tanzania border so that they can get
into the Masai Mara. The migration
cycle fascinates even scientists because of the swiftness with which it
takes place. They have concluded that it is caused by an intelligent instinct
in these animals that ensures they are all ready for the move.
The migration allows the herds to find grass and water, even
though thousands of animals are trampled upon during the march as they cross
the Mara river. The migration attracts other species such as crocodiles, hyenas
and lions hoping for some juicy prey given the fact that the Masai Mara is home
to the big five as well as hyena and crocodiles.
These predators lie in wait on the grassland, and they make
vicious attacks at any time during the migration. It is a breathtaking view as
lions and cheetahs chase gazelles and wildebeests giving tourists unprecedented
photo opportunities. The crocodiles lie in wait in the Mara and Talek rivers.
Credit: BrianScott @ Flickr.com
Speed helps wildebeest overcome predators because the herd
moves at over 60 km/h. The younger animals are tucked within the herd thereby
protecting them from predators. However, the mere power needed for this
migration kills weak animals leaving a stronger herd.
What Controls The
Wildebeest Migration?
·
Quality of pasture - Wildebeests move in search
of pasture that provides nutritional content. This is in relation to the
phosphorus and other mineral content.
·
Availability of water- East Africa experiences
some overly dry months in different parts and wildlife migrates in search of
water.
·
Overpopulation of the herds
·
Predators
·
Human activity on the migration route. For
example, building of roads in the Tanzanian side of the migration route can
have long lasting effects on this natural wonder.
Why Consider
Watching the Wildebeest Migration?
It is one of the unique wildlife migrations in the world in
relation to the spectacle as well as the number and species of animals
involved. If you want to see all the wild animals that Africa has to offer from
the lions to giraffes and hippos, this migration brings them out of their
holes.
It is a picturesque experience and an opportunity for
memorable video or photo moments. It is affordable because there are lodges and
camps within the Masai Mara or in Tanzania from where you can follow the herds.
When planning to go on a Kenya safari to
watch the wildebeest migration, it is important to consult a tour company about
the most appropriate time because the move depends on changes in climatic
conditions. Even though the rains are expected between May and June, any change
in the amount of rainfall affects availability of pasture. The tour experts can
predict when the migration might take place.
There are a number of lodges and camps that have been built
in Masai Mara to accommodate tourists that flock to this game reserve to
witness the migration.
